The impact of e-commerce on the Iranian insurance companies

The conditions for doing business are rapidly changing. The Internet and related advances in information technology significantly affect financial services in general and insurance markets and institutions in particular. The growing importance of e-commerce represents a watershed event for insurance markets and institutions, as it does for most industries. By lowering information costs, e-commerce will enable insurers to classify, underwrite, and price risk as well as settle claims more accurately and efficiently. Overall, the Internet will significantly enhance the efficiency of insurance markets and institutions and benefit consumers by lowering transaction and information costs. The effects of e-commerce are the subjects of intense debate in insurance industry. The foundation for the purpose of this research has been created by a prospective study to explore the impact of application of e-commerce on the Iranian insurance industry. In order to fulfill the purpose of this study, a frame of reference has been emerged based on a vast literature review. With the focus at quantitative research as a general approach and descriptive research as the type of research in this study, a structured questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. To accomplish this, a survey of 258 people (in almost all active insurance companies in Iran) has been carried out. The respondents from almost every department within the targeted insurance companies were randomly chosen. We have focused on the perception of insurers regarding the subject of study, and thus, the perception of other stakeholder such as insurance agents/brokers and even their customers have been suggested for future research, due to limitation and demarcation of this research. This dissertation has been organized in the seven chapters. An introduction this study, problem statements and research questions were presented in chapter one. The second chapter was devoted to literature review. The emerged frame of reference was provided in the third chapter and our research methodology was discussed in the fourth chapter. Data presentation and analysis were done in accordance with the research questions and the frame of reference in chapter five and six, respectively. Finally, in the last chapter findings and conclusions were drawn by answering the research questions. With respect to the findings, we conclude that the Iranian insurance companies were positively looked at e-commerce and its application in their companies. Their attitude and views toward e-commerce was positive so that they found that e-commerce would be an opportunity rather than a challenge or even a threat for insurance industry. They highly believed that e-commerce would affect on insurance companies and, thus, their companies should embrace e-commerce. Lack of skilled staffs in e-commerce application and scarcity of IT experts were the most infrastructure requirements which they found that the Iranian insures were suffering from. Whereas they were well equipped with hardware and networking as well as general and professional insurance software required in e-commerce applications. Lagging of other supportive sectors (e.g., e-Banking and Telecommunications), lack of appropriate legislation and regulation (e.g., copy right, digital signature, ?), low Internet usage and fewer users, traditionally attitudes and views over the companies and scarcity of skilled staffs were the five top major obstacles which would hinder the Iranian insurers to embrace e-commerce. E-commerce is potentially applicable to marketing and sales as well as R&D with respect to insurance value chain. On the other hand, as far as insurance products concern, auto (motor) insurance, marine and aviation, life insurance and fire insurance were highly perceived to suitable to e-commerce (sale online). Finally, the Iranian insurance companies were chiefly believed that in the case of e-commerce application they would get these top five benefits: brand and image promotion (as a pioneer and modern company), extended corporation with partners (specially in the reinsurance cases), lower invest for establishing the sales and after sales services network, cost reduction in value chain management (e.g. product/service development) and decentralization and no restrictions imposed by national borders.

Internet Banking in Sweden

Purpose – The growing importance of use of Internet banking as another service delivery channel by banks to their customers lead to a number of supposition and deductions been made on the value creation of Internet banking and its extent of use. In the light of this, a profound and comprehensive study was conducted with the aim to first, determine the extent of use of Internet banking in Sweden, second, to validate the conjecture and the anecdote inferences that Internet banking provides values to both the bank and its customers.
Design/Methodology/approach - To test the validity of the conjecture and the anecdote inferences made over the years, the author use data collected in two folds. One set was collected from financial institution “the big four banks” and the other set from 60 bank customers out of the 90 questionnaires administered.
Findings - The results provide first, evidence of the high rate of adoption of Internet banking in Sweden, second, the values the banks and its customers have enjoyed since the advent of Internet banking.
Research limitations/implications - Although this exploratory study approach may have validated the proposed model, further research into other cities is required to generalize these findings as this study has the limitation of using only Stockholm and the number of respondents used.
Originality/value - The findings contribute and support several other studies that pointed to the fact that use of Internet banking channel of delivery is on the increase, and its value creation far exceed all other service delivery channels; provide critical implications for managers of financial institutions, Internet service providing firms, government and highlight directions for future research.
Keywords Internet banking, Online banking, Service delivery channels, Technology-based, Enabled-service, Product-service Continuum

The Importance of People on Delivering Service Quality

Aim: Banks in Sweden appear extend through different distribution channels. The role of branch banking has changed to provide advisory services and sell the banks' products and service which is an approach involves the people interactions. Service employees are associated with the organization service quality and customer satisfaction. A comprehensive human resource strategy thus can help the organization develop a more customer-orientation employee, in order to deliver service quality. With the help of the human resources strategies wheel (Wilson et al., 2008), how a bank develop people to deliver service quality will be showed, which finally lead to the purpose of this paper - revealing the importance of people on delivering service quality.
Method: By reading relevant literatures, the theory about service culture and human resource strategy is defined. Svenska Handelsbanken chose to be the research object. Its decentralized organization which focuses on the interplay between strong branches, highly-trained specialists and efficient support functions is useful to this research. Through face-to-face interview with branch managers, a holistic view of the situation in bank will be showed, additionally, detail information can be digging out.
Result & Conclusions: The human resources strategies used by Handelsbanken is a process generally including hire the right people, provides effective and sufficient training and needed support systems, retain the best people. As a result, this research indicates with the service culture which establishes deeply inside the organization; Handelsbanken realizes the important of people on delivering service quality. And then by choosing the right people, training them, supporting them, and retaining them as a serious of human resources strategies, the service quality is delivered. In addition, the authors find out the relation among service culture, human resources strategies and people work as a triangle, constraining and assisting each other.
Suggestions for future research: One of the limitations of this thesis is lack of employee perception. Another is hard to find a lot of information about the unique reward system in Handelsbanken - Oktogonen Fundation in English. The document is in Swedish so that the authors only can get general information from the annual report 2008 of the bank. The suggestion for future research is to conduct a study which it includes bank perspective and employee perspective.
Contribution of the thesis: The contribution of this study is to show how importance of people in service quality delivery by complementing a framework which is integrated service culture and human resource strategies.

Money in the Bank!A How-to Guide to Opening a Bank Account

With all the different options banks now offer, setting up a bank account can be a confusing thing. But if you want to protect your money it’s important to keep it in a bank so it won’t be stolen. Having a bank account also helps you save money and avoid carrying all your money around with you all the time. You can even make a little money by keeping your money in the bank! Here are some questions you might have about banking and some tips to make the process a little easier.What are the different kinds of bank accounts? A savings account is an account that allows you to store your money and gain interest on it. Interest means that the bank pays you to keep your money in their bank.
Another kind of savings account is a high-interest savings account. This kind of account gives you a higher rate of interest. However, it requires you to have a higher minimum balance, which means you have to have more money in your account at all times.
A checking account is different from a savings account because it doesn’t pay interest on your money. If you have a checking account, you can withdraw money from an ATM (see below for how to use an ATM). You can also write checks.
You can also link your savings and checking accounts. To do this, you open a checking account and a savings account and link them together. This way, you can keep most of your money in your savings account where it will gain interest. Then you can keep the money you need for everyday spending in your checking account so you have access to it. You can always transfer money from your savings to your checking account, but keep in mind that there is often a fee to do so.
You also have the option of setting up a joint account. This is what married couples usually do. It means that you both have equal access to the money in the account.
How do I know which kind of account I want?A savings account is the best option if you’re saving money for something long-term because of the interest the bank pays you for having this kind of account. The more money you have in your account, the more interest they pay you. This makes a savings account a good option if you’re planning to leave the money in the bank for a long time because the longer it stays there, the more money will accumulate.
If you want to use the money in the bank for day-to-day purchases, you should get a checking account. This is more convenient than a savings account because of the access it gives you to ATMs and checks. However, make sure that you’re careful about writing checks. Whenever you write one, make sure you have enough money in your account. If there isn’t, the check will bounce. This means that the bank will be notified and will charge you a large fee. You also will be penalized at the store where you wrote your bounced check.
A joint account is only a good idea if you’re in a stable marriage, because both people have access to all the money in the account. It’s a smart thing for a married couple to have in case there is an emergency or one person dies because then the other person doesn’t have to worry about access to money.
How do I open a Bank Account?First, decide whether you want to open a checking account or a savings account. Then pick a bank. If you’re opening a checking account, make sure that the bank you choose has ATM locations near you. If you’re opening a savings account, find out what interest rate the bank offers. No matter which type of account you’re opening, you should compare the fees each bank charges to transfer money between accounts, use ATMs, or just to keep your money in the bank. You should also make sure that your bank is FDIC insured. This means that any money you deposit is insured up to $100,000.
Once you have chosen a bank, go to their location near you and fill out the forms to open an account. You’ll also need to give them money to put in the account. Some banks require a minimum amount of money to do this. Make sure you have enough money before you go to the bank.
Don’t forget to bring identification with you. You’ll need proof that you’re over 18 years old. You’ll also need to prove your address and identity. Most banks will ask for a driver’s license or Social Security number, but if you don’t have those things usually a passport will do.
How does an ATM work?ATM stands for Automatic Teller Machine, because it does the same job as a bank teller. If you have a checking account, you can use an ATM instead of going into the bank and working with the teller. This can be a much quicker and more convenient way to do your banking.
Using an ATM is simple. All you need is your ATM card, which the bank will give you when you set up your account. They’ll also tell you to choose a 4-digit PIN (personal identification number). This should be a number that has some meaning to you so that you won’t forget it. It’s important that you remember your pin number because you need it to use the ATM. Never give your pin number to anyone! Your pin number is a direct link to the money in your bank account. Therefore whoever knows your pin can empty your bank account very easily. For security reasons, you never even write down your pin number unless you are planning on shredding the document.
Using an ATM you can check your balance, or how much money you have in your account. You can also use it to deposit or withdraw money. To deposit money, insert your card into the machine and type in your PIN when it asks you to. Then select “deposit” and insert your money into the machine. Some ATMs require you to put your money in a deposit envelope before inserting it into the machine. Others allow you to put the money directly into the machine.
To withdraw money, insert your card and type in your PIN when it asks you to. Then select “withdrawal” and select how much money you want to take out. When you’re finished, don’t forget to take your card, your receipt, and your cash.
*Lots of banks charge you a fee if you use another banks ATM to deposit or withdraw money. When you’re choosing a bank, make sure you pick one with ATM locations near you. This way, you don’t have to pay this fee.
WARNING: ATMs are common sites of robbery. Always be aware of your surroundings when using an ATM. Immediately put any withdrawn or deposited money in a secure place, and make sure no one is following you after you use the ATM. There is often a painted line that people must stand behind while others are using the ATM. However, you should still take great caution to conceal your pin number and the amount of money you are taking out.

Importance of Online Banking

Midsize corporations in North America are using their financial institutions' online banking services more often these days, according to survey findings released just as this issue was going to press.
What's more, a significant number have begun to cite e-banking capabilities as a key factor in choosing which institution will get their business.
Greenwich Associates, an international research and consulting firm specializing in financial services, interviewed 500 corporate treasurers and other executives at middle-market companies in the United States and Canada this past May and June. The results showed that well over half of the businesses were already using their banks' Web sites, up substantially compared with 2000, while nearly 50% of the respondents said online offerings represent an important component of their banking relationships.
"One in five says they are actively directing more business to those banks with superior Internet banking capabilities," says Steve Busby, a consultant at the Greenwich, CT-based firm.
Greenwich Associates found that cash management has enjoyed the steepest gain ... 50% REMAINING

It's all about you

It's all about you
At Barclays Wealth International we look closely at what kind of investor you are before recommending the investment solutions that most closely suit your needs and aspirations.
Our advice can cover:
Offshore investments
Global investment
Savings rates
The effects of shifts in international and sterling interest rates
Euro investment opportunities and much more.
Barclays Wealth International offers a diverse range of actively and passively managed investment solutions. For example, three of our popular investment products are:
Enjoy up to 6% pa/AER¹ with the Barclays Wealth Investment Bonus Deposit
Your money will be invested in a 3 month term deposit earning a guaranteed rate of 1.5% pa/AER¹ with the potential to earn a bonus rate of 4.5% pa/AER¹ if, prior to maturity of the 3 month term deposit, you choose to invest your balance into a Barclays Wealth investment², but bear in mind you will not have ready access to your money during the term of the investment.
Available for deposits from £25,000 to £1 million
Investments will commit your savings for a term of typically 3 to 5 years and the value of your investment may fall as well as rise
Available in sterling for new deposits to Barclays Wealth³
Investment optionsWe offer a comprehensive range of investment products to choose from when you reach the end of the 3 month term deposit, including structured deposits that guarantee the repayment of your capital and may also offer fixed annual returns. However a suitable investment product may not be available for everyone.
Multi-Manager
Barclays Wealth is the premier Multi Manager service in the UK and one of the top three in Europe. It can benefit you by offering you a ‘one stop’ international investment solution to a diversified portfolio managed by highly skilled investment managers. You gain access to a team of dedicated investment professionals who actively manage your investment, giving you the benefit of innovative and sophisticated investment thinking, modeling and research within Barclays Wealth.
Five multi-asset portfolios are available, to suit different client profiles. Each designed to provide different levels of return:
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In addition, exchange traded funds, or ETFs, can be part of the mix to allow you a more diversified investment strategy.
Global Beta
Global Beta offers a range of globally diversified portfolios that invest in exchange traded funds, or ETFs. These are index-tracking global investment funds traded on global stock exchanges and which allow a diversified investment strategy. Our Global Beta portfolios each hold a number of different shares to provide a balance of risk and return. And as they simply track an index, the returns are not reliant on the performance of an active fund manager.
ETFs are not suitable for everyone. Their value can fall as well as rise and you

Would an offshore bank account with Barclays Wealth International be right for you?

Would an offshore bank account with Barclays Wealth International be right for you? Almost certainly, if one or more of the following applies to you:
You live outside your home country
You're a UK citizen who lives permanently outside the UK
Your life involves moving from country to country
You are looking for a safe haven for your money
You would like the advantages of an international bank account.
Barclays Wealth International provide foreign bank account services that give you access to and control over your finances wherever your life takes you. Whether your account is located in London, the Channel Islands, Gibraltar or the Isle of Man, banking offshore with Barclays Wealth International is safe and easy, providing you with hassle-free cross-border banking.
For example, if your adopted country uses euros, our international bank account would function just like a euro bank account, enabling you to perform transactions such as paying bills or sending money home quickly and easily.
Barclays international banking gives you benefits such as:
An international offshore account in a safe environment
Discounted online international payments
Potential tax planning advantages
Accounts available in sterling, US dollars or euros
International Telephone and Online Banking1

The importance of banking

THIS MONTH WE FEATURE our first commercial banker on the cover. And it's no small bank, but a mammoth financial institution. With US$14 billion in deposits, Banco Itau is the No. 2 private-sector bank in Brazil.
Also in this issue, we look at the proposed banking reforms now under consideration in Mexico. Again, these are no small considerations, but a transformation that should bring the Mexican banking system in line with the kinds of corporate governance and transparency common to much of the industrialized world,
Finally, we are pleased to run a Final Thoughts by Domingo Cavallo, the economic minister of Argentina. He offers his insight into what it will take to turn around Argentina's beleaguered economy Chief among his proposals is to lower the reserve requirements for banks, and thereby increase lending.
While these three pieces appear, at first glance, to be about different subjects, they all really revolve around one central idea: In order to stimulate economic growth, you need a strong, aggressive banking system. It's not merely about fiscal soundness. Witness Mexico, which has significantly refurbished its banking system since the Tequila crisis of a few years ago. Yet lending in 2000 was less than in 1999, a bad indicator for future development.
What Latin America needs is more liquidity and the ability for its financial institutions to lend more readily to everyone from established businesses to start-up entrepreneurs. Without a radical improvement in lending practices, the region will never attain the kind of growth rates needed to create a critical mass of wealth--enough to engender a real middle class, as well as pull a substantial number of citizens out of poverty.
This seems obvious enough. Then what is keeping a lid on higher velocity lending? It comes down to three things.
First there is the issue of credit worthiness. Until just the last few years, there were few comprehensive databases on consumer and commercial credit. Loans, when offered, were made on the basis of personal relationships, rather than objective criteria. When credit bureaus become omnipresent, then a whole world of lending--including mortgage banking --becomes possible.
Second, there is the issue of collections, which goes hand-in-hand with creditworthiness. In some Latin nations--Venezuela being a great example--it is almost impossible to collect on bad loans. Debtors can tie up claims in courts for years, and even then the penalties are mild. This culture of non-payment freezes the blood of even the most aggressive bankers, and must be fundamentally changed.
Third, Latin America must undergo a further evolution of its corporate mentality. The predominance of family-owned enterprises is slowly giving way to publicly traded corporations, as M&As, IPOs and ADRs continue to transform closed companies into transparent ones. When fiscal accountability becomes the norm, rather than the exception, banks will be far more likely to loosen their purse strings.
The tragedy is how much more rapidly Latin America could have grown with a vibrant banking system. The triumph will come when the real energies of the region are realized--and released--by a thoroughly modern financial network. The good news is that it's not too late.

Offers cardmembers a collection of family tailored travel benifits and ways to save

American Express has launched Destination Family, a program that provides money-saving benefits, and offers specifically tailored to family travelers. Reportedly, it is exclusively available to American Express Cardmembers when booking travel through American Express Travel.
American Express has claimed that the program offers family-focused benefits with renowned hotel, tour, cruise line and car rental partners, such as kids stay and/or eat free, up to 50% off second hotel rooms, on-board cruise credits, free car seats, and a host of other amenities.
Participating partners include: Hyatt Hotels & Resorts, Omni Hotels & Resorts, American Express Vacations, Royal Caribbean International, Norwegian Cruise Line, Regent Seven Seas Cruises, Avis, Budget and Hertz.
Audrey Hendley, vice president of marketing and strategic partnerships, Consumer Travel, American Express, said: "Family vacations are an important tradition that even in these tough economic times people do not want to give up and now they don't have to. We're hoping that this collection of family-friendly benefits and savings will help our Cardmembers afford that family vacation and enjoy it even more with extra amenities."

The Next Step for Microfinance

In an article entitled ‘The Next Step for Microfinance: Taking Deposits’ in a recent issue of Time magazine [1], writer Ms Barbara Kiviat highlights the importance of deposit taking in the field of microfinance or what has been referred to by some development experts as the “forgotten half of rural finance.” Ms Kiviat, a staff writer for Time magazine, reiterates the point that whilst microloans are important, the service that a lot of the poor need ‘more than business loans, is a safe place to save their money’.
The article observes that whilst ‘in most parts of the world anyone can make a loan, including the non-profits that trek into developing countries to reach people traditional financial institutions have ignored’, the provision of savings accounts and other banking products (which are typically heavily regulated) has not been as widespread.
The fact that there is a greater need among the poor for a ‘safe place to keep their money’ rather than a business loan is a view that is supported by many participants in the microfinance sector. Bank Rakyat [2] in Indonesia, for instance, is quoted to have 10 savers for every one borrower. “Low-income people need a variety of financial services,” says Mr Bob Christen, director of the financial services group at the Gates Foundation [3], which has given tens of millions of dollars in grants to savings initiatives. Data from a survey by Bank Rakyat suggests that in 30 percent of cases, micro-borrowers use funds for consumables and household needs, like school fees, home repairs and holiday expenses. The issue, as pointed out in the Time magazine article, is not that poor people don’t have savings, but that they tend to save in ‘hard-to-tap assets, like livestock and jewellery’. To free up cash, the solution is often to pawn possessions-and to pay someone a significant fee in the process.
The article in Time magazine goes on to observe that efforts have been made to make savings a viable product for some MFIs and accounts less costly to maintain. For instance, ‘agent-based banking’ in which financial services are delivered though existing institutions-like pharmacies and newsstands-is one key area of research as is mobile banking. In Kenya, Vodafone’s M-Pesa [4] has seen significant headway with its mobile-phone-based banking system, which includes a way to save. A number of traditional MFIs, many of which have evolved into formal banks, are also assigning renewed importance to gathering deposits. Grameen Bank [5] was quoted as an example and it is stated in the article that the well-established MFI recently relaxed its rules on savings accounts to better accommodate clients’ saving needs.
Ms Kiviat also makes reference to recent efforts by Oxfam America [6] which is stated to have been creating savings groups in villages in Mali, Cambodia, Senegal and El Salvador since 2005. Each group has about 20 members, almost all of whom are women. The members contribute a small amount of money each week, and then, from this pool of savings, on-lend sums to members who need loans. The program is based on a model that is not uncommon n the microfinance world-such groups are called ‘tandas’ in India and ‘tontines’ in West Africa. The program is designed to promote group independence, with Oxfam eventually reducing its involvement over time. Mr Jeffrey Ashe, Oxfam America’s director of community finance was quoted as stating ‘we’re creating autonomous groups and defining sustainability in a whole new way.’ In many ways it’s microfinance back to its roots-small, rural and community-based. Whether this also represents ‘the next step forward’ in microfinance, as stated in the Time magazine article, remains to be seen.
The role of savings in microfinance was also the subject of a recent blog by Mr Nicholas Kristof entitled ‘Putting the Microsavings in Microfinance’ in the New York Times [7]. The blog has attracted a variety of comments. A comment by the publisher of Microcapital and Microcapital.Org, Mr David Satterthwaite, is noteworthy. Mr Satterthwaite reiterates the views of many micro-bankers that the ’local intermediation of funds’ or the use of local savings deposits is an effective funding strategy for microbanks. However, he cautions that articles that attempt to discuss the issue of micro-savings run the risk of presenting a ‘false choice’ between credit and savings. Microbanks cannot offer savings products to clients unless they are also effective at providing microloans. As Mr Satterthwaite stated, ‘you cannot have savings without credit’ as loans are the major source of income for micro-banks where deposits ‘are on the other side of the ledger’ and are essentially an expense. It is important to note that micro-banks must generate the revenue necessary to safely manage deposits

Advantages of e-Banking System

E-BANKING system of Credy Banka has been constructed in order to greatly speed up and simplify business activities. Advantages of e-banking related to classic one are:
lowering to costs of transactions
faster turn-over
safe executions of payment operations
saving time
possibility of executing transactions from the working space
constant overview on the account balance and list of transactions E-Banking system of Credy Banka gives to its users using of following project solutions:
Working through FX Application (off-line application);
Working through WEB Application (on-line application);
Getting statements through e-mail;
Overview of the account balance through voice machine (VOICE).
Overview of the account balance through SMS messages Using of the above mentioned services allows using others.Fees for the payment operations of Credy Banka, for the payment orders sent through e-banking, are 15% lower. The Bank is obliged to provide users with Users' Package which includes installation CD, smart card, reader for smart card and users' manual.All the information of the E-BANKING system of Credy Banka, you can get on the following telephone number: +381 34 337 153.

When people think regarding online

When people think regarding online they consider regarding the viral videos on YouTube and videos on various other video sharing sites. At the same time as viral video can cause ample traffic, it’s not the single way online video can promote one’s business.
An online video on one’s can construct one’s trustworthiness, draw viewers, convey a sales message, and keep clients coming back. Here are some tips for making efficient utilization of online videos on one’s business website.
Bring the viewers something constructive. A lot of people go online for the reason that they’re searching for information. If a person can give it to them, one will harvest the rewards. Customers will consider the person as a specialist in their field, keep in mind one’s business name, and maintain some trust for one’s company—one will provide the impression that one cares regarding his/her customers.
If the person is a contractor then he should do a video series on home repair methods which can vary anything from putting up a ceiling fan to re constructing and redesigning a bathroom. If a person is in retail, do a video series on how to plan an efficient window presentation or floor sales methods.
ECA – stands for Ephedrine, Caffeine and Aspirin. These 3 products can work as a team to synergise and produce a thermal effect of genes which can raise the metabolism of the one who has consumed it. Due to better metabolism rate there is better chances and enhanced rate of fat burning. make the consumer more alert and suppress the consumers’ appetite and also it gives more energy to the consumer.
Now one can just wake up in the morning and feel energized to do all the required work. Now one can wake up in the morning and do all his required work outs.
This is made up of quite rare herbal extracts. They are namely- ma huang herb, caffeine is from kola nut and rare green tea leaves. Aspirin though is extracted from bark of the white willow. Some very popular method like using the citrus aurantium i.e. bitter orange. This works as a very fine appetite suppressant. These suppressant works as a fat burning by enhancing the metabolism.
Now a person can easily say bye to his high urge to eat the high calorie and high fat containing food items. Using diet pills that work can then easily get rid of all his excessive bulging of extra fat layers and can easily achieve his desired or dreamed about look in which he can get leaner and meaner. No need to get stared by stranger for your bad figure body.
Just relax and eat .
Now go ahead and grab your own ECA

Gulf CooperatingCountries(GCC)

Gulf Cooperating Countries (GCC) are in the process of strengthening and expanding financial markets in relation to listing, regulatory, trading and settlement procedures. Along with the opening up of markets to international investment, innovations that should enhance overseas investor interest include the development of meaningful GCC share returns and banking share returns indices. It is clear from almost four years of daily data, that unlagged GCC banking returns and GCC stock market returns are significantly and positively related. Over the longer term, they are also significantly Banking in Nepal is as important as banking in anywhere else in the world. Banking sector is the major institutional system in Nepal which carries out the flow within the economy. The importance of banking in Nepal can also be understood with the emergence of e-banking in the recent years. Banking results in the mobilization of money in the economy and also helps the people to invest and their money and also to give the money to the debtors to precede their
and give financial benefits to the economy.cointegrated. The GCC banking industry is a major component of the GCC share market. Causality tests demonstrate that dual causality exists but stronger causality runs positively from GCC banking returns to GCC stock market returns. GCC banking stock returns are exogenous. The evidence supports the notion that, because of such interdependence it is vital for the economic health of the GCC, that their banking systems remain financially sound. However in order to relieve the mounting pressure on bank debt as oil revenues and repatriated funds dwindle, it is important that the stock markets be opened in due course to outside or non Arab international equity investment

Bankers play very important role in the economic life of the nation.

Bankers play very important role in the economic life of the nation. The health of the economy is closely related to the soundness of its banking system. Although banks create no new wealth but their borrowing, lending and related activities facilitate the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of wealth. In this way they become very effective partners in the process of economic development. Today modern banks are very useful for the utilization of the resources of the country. The banks are mobilizing the savings of the people for the investment purposes. If there would be no banks then a great portion of a capital of the country would remain idle. A bank as a matter of fact is just like a heart in the economic structure and the Capital provided by it is like blood in it. As long as blood is in circulation the organs will remain sound and healthy. If the blood is not supplied to any organ then that part would become useless, so if the finance is not provided to Agricultural sector or industrial sector, it will be destroyed. Loan facility provided by banks works as an incentive to the producer to increase the production. Many difficulties in the international payments have been over come and volume of transactions has been increased. Cheques, drafts bills of exchange and letters of credit are very important instruments of the banks. The banks collect these instruments drawn on banks in other cities or countries and proceeds according to the accounts of the customer's concernsPurpose – The growing importance of use of Internet banking as another service delivery channel by banks to their customers lead to a number of supposition and deductions been made on the value creation of Internet banking and its extent of use. In the light of this, a profound and comprehensive study was conducted with the aim to first, determine the extent of use of Internet banking in Sweden, second, to validate the conjecture and the anecdote inferences that Internet banking provides values to both the bank and its customers.
Design/Methodology/approach - To test the validity of the conjecture and the anecdote inferences made over the years, the author use data collected in two folds. One set was collected from financial institution “the big four banks” and the other set from 60 bank customers out of the 90 questionnaires administered.
Findings - The results provide first, evidence of the high rate of adoption of Internet banking in Sweden, second, the values the banks and its customers have enjoyed since the advent of Internet banking.
Research limitations/implications - Although this exploratory study approach may have validated the proposed model, further research into other cities is required to generalize these findings as this study has the limitation of using only Stockholm and the number of respondents used.
Originality/value - The findings contribute and support several other studies that pointed to the fact that use of Internet banking channel of delivery is on the increase, and its value creation far exceed all other service delivery channels; provide critical implications for managers of financial institutions, Internet service providing firms, government and highlight directions for future research.
Keywords Internet banking, Online banking, Service delivery channels, Technology-based, Enabled-service, Product-service ContinuumAt the end of the twentieth century Asia, and especially China, has rapidly integrated with the world economy. It has been recently confirmed by China's accession to the World Trade Organisation. While this process has been possible due to Chinese fast economic growth, inefficient banking sector appears as a major threat that may shake the stability of the Middle Country in the future. The dissertation focuses on reforms and challenges facing Chinese banking sector, but it also includes other interrelated aspects like privatisation and development of regulatory institutions. This study analyses the experiences of Polish transformation in banking sector and compares it to the situation in China. This paper investigates the present situation in China in banking sector, the reasons behind it and the correlations that are responsible for shaping it. The comparison with Poland is used here to show which solutions applied in other transformation countries may be helpful in China, but also to claim that their successfulness hinges on internal conditions in China. It is argued that to change the situation in Chinese banking sector the government's engagement in the sector has to be limited and the importance need to be put on regulatory arrangements.

Banks play very important role in the economic life of the nation.

Banks play very important role in the economic life of the nation. The health of the economy is closely related to the soundness of its banking system. Although banks create no new wealth but their borrowing, lending and related activities facilitate the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of wealth. In this way they become very effective partners in the process of economic development. Today, modern banks are very useful for the utilization of the resources of the country. The banks are mobilizing the savings of the people for the investment purposes. The savings are encouraged and saving rate increases. If there would be no banks then a great portion of a capital of the country would remain idle. A bank as a matter of fact is just like a heart in the economic structure and the Capital provided by it is like blood in it. As long as blood is in circulation the organs will remain sound and healthy. If the blood is not supplied to any organ then that part would become useless. So if the finance is not provided to Agriculture sector or industrial sector, it will be destroyed. Loan facility provided by banks works as an incentive to the producer to increase the production.Many banks provide very similar services and that is why creating and maintaining relationships to clients is a differentiation strategy to get customer to return. Private advising is one service provided by banks where much interaction occurs and relationship is of great importance. The relationship between private advisers and their clients is therefore suitable for research.
Knowing why a relationship ends is a strategic piece of information to improve the firm’s ability to keep customers in a relationship. The purpose of this paper is to identify the issues that lead to dissolution of a relationship and where they occur in the relationship development process between private advisors and clients.
A pre-study was first made on Swedbank, through interviews, to obtain a holistic view of the situation. More in-depth interviews followed as well as triangulation through a questionnaire.
The thesis presents seven issues that can lead to dissolution of the relationship: better offering from competitors, availability, personal factors, unachievable demands, no need for service, lack of certain services, and requirement not fulfilled. These issues have also been related to where in the relationship development process they occur and ranked in order to know how common it is for them to occur